Japan’s Defence Ministry has proposed a record-breaking budget of 8.5 trillion yen (approximately $59 billion) for the next fiscal year. This ambitious request reflects Japan’s strategic shift to bolster its military capabilities in response to growing regional threats, particularly from China.
Record Defence Budget to Counter China’s Aggression
Japan’s request for an unprecedented defence budget underscores its commitment to fortifying its national security amid escalating tensions with China. Here’s a closer look at the key elements of the budget and Japan’s broader military strategy:
Key Elements of the Budget Request
- Record-Breaking Figures: The Defence Ministry’s request marks a significant increase in military spending, aiming to double Japan’s annual defence budget to around 10 trillion yen ($70 billion) by 2027. This will place Japan as the world’s third-largest military spender, behind the United States and China.
- Focus on Southwest Islands: A substantial portion of the budget will be directed towards enhancing Japan’s defensive capabilities on its southwestern islands. These islands are crucial for Japan’s strategic posture against China’s growing military assertiveness in the region.
Modernisation and Technological Upgrades
The Japanese government is not just increasing spending but also focusing on modernising its military through technological advancements:
- Unmanned Weapons and AI: Japan is investing heavily in unmanned systems and artificial intelligence. This includes the development of combat drones and AI surveillance systems to offset the decline in troop numbers due to the country’s shrinking population. The budget includes 103 billion yen ($710 million) for drones and 18 billion yen ($124 million) for AI surveillance.
- Long-Range Missiles: Approximately 970 billion yen ($6.7 billion) is allocated to enhance Japan’s strike-back capability, including the development and procurement of long-range missiles. This investment is crucial for improving Japan’s ability to defend itself against potential missile threats from North Korea, China, and Russia.
Challenges and Strategic Focus
Japan’s strategic focus is shaped by several pressing challenges:
- Population Decline: Japan’s shrinking population poses a significant challenge for maintaining troop levels. The Self-Defense Forces (SDF) are struggling with recruitment, fulfilling only half of their target last year and facing the highest number of mid-career departures in three decades.
- Recruitment Difficulties: The Defence Ministry reports that recruiting young servicemembers has become increasingly difficult, exacerbated by a competitive job market and an ageing population. The environment for recruiting is described as the most challenging since World War II.
Addressing Recruitment and Operational Efficiency
In response to these challenges, Japan is implementing several measures to enhance its operational efficiency and attractiveness as an employer:
- AI and Automation: The budget includes funding for AI surveillance systems and automated supply storage. These technologies are expected to free up around 1,000 service personnel, helping to mitigate the impact of declining troop numbers.
- Reforms and Improvements: The Defence Ministry is also focusing on internal reforms to improve working conditions and attract more recruits. This includes improving salaries, working environments, and support for working mothers.
Japan’s Broader Strategic Context
Japan’s military expansion is not occurring in isolation. It is part of a broader regional and global context:
- Regional Tensions: Japan faces increased military threats from China, particularly in disputed waters in the East China Sea and the South China Sea. China’s actions have included frequent incursions into Japanese-controlled waters and escalating clashes with other regional actors.
- Global Military Spending: Japan’s increase in military expenditure reflects a broader trend of rising global defence budgets, with many countries enhancing their military capabilities in response to perceived threats.
Looking Forward: Japan’s Defence Strategy
Japan’s proposed record budget and strategic focus highlight its commitment to adapting its defence strategy to meet contemporary challenges. As China continues to assert its influence in the region, Japan’s efforts to modernise its military and enhance its deterrence capabilities will be crucial.
- Enhanced Defence Capabilities: By investing in advanced technologies and increasing its military budget, Japan aims to strengthen its position in a rapidly evolving security landscape.
- Recruitment and Retention: Addressing the challenges of recruitment and retention will be essential for Japan to maintain a robust and effective military force.
