Archaeologists have made a fascinating discovery in Poland: the skeletal remains of three individuals who may have been victims of the Mongol invasion in the 13th century. This significant find occurred at an archaeological site near the village of Czermno, in Lublin Province, where remnants of a medieval stronghold can still be seen.
The Historical Context of the Discovery
The site of Czermno is home to what remains of Czerwień (Cherven), one of the largest fortified Slavic settlements during the early Middle Ages.
- Czerwień’s Structure:
- A primary hill fort
- An ancillary settlement
- Burial grounds
This once-thriving location was likely devastated during the Mongol Empire’s invasion of Poland between 1240 and 1241. This invasion led to a decisive victory against an alliance of European armies, resulting in widespread destruction.
The Ongoing Research
A research project led by Marcin Wołoszyn from the University of Rzeszów aims to uncover new insights about the medieval hill fort. The project’s focus includes determining the age of the stronghold, which could date back to A.D. 800 or as late as A.D. 980.
Wołoszyn expressed optimism about the research timeline, stating, “I hope that by this time next year we will already know the precise age of the stronghold.”
Uncovering the Skeletons
During excavations in August and September, archaeologists uncovered the remains of three individuals, a discovery that raises intriguing questions about their fate.
- Skeleton Positioning:
- At least one skeleton was found lying face down.
- This positioning suggests violent death rather than intentional burial.
Tomasz Dzieńkowski, a researcher at Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, explained, “These were not intentional burials. The skeletons will undergo radiocarbon dating. If they date back to the mid-13th century, we can reasonably assume they are victims of the Mongol invasion.”
The Importance of the Site
Beyond the skeletal remains, the excavation has revealed other significant artifacts.
- Lead Seals:
- Archaeologists found a series of lead seals, which were used as ownership markers on goods.
- This discovery indicates that the stronghold was not solely a military base but also a critical centre for trade.
Dzieńkowski noted, “These seals prove the importance of Czerwień in the trade landscape of the time.”
What’s Next?
The lab results for the human remains are expected by the end of the year, and archaeologists are hopeful that these tests will provide clarity on the identities and circumstances surrounding these individuals.
Why This Matters
Understanding the impact of the Mongol invasion on local populations is crucial for historical comprehension. It sheds light on the interactions between different cultures and the repercussions of warfare in medieval Europe.
- Historical Significance:
- How invasions shaped European landscapes.
- The effects on local settlements and trade.
As we await the findings from the laboratory tests, it’s essential to appreciate the complexities of history and the stories that archaeological sites can tell.
Conclusion: A Window into the Past
The discovery of skeletal remains in this medieval fort not only highlights the violent events of the past but also underscores the importance of continued archaeological research. As we learn more about the lives—and deaths—of those who lived during the tumultuous 13th century, we gain invaluable insights into our shared history.
Stay tuned for updates as the research unfolds. The potential revelation of these individuals as victims of the Mongol invasion could change our understanding of this pivotal moment in European history.
