The shifting dynamics in global interactions are causing alarm among academics, scholars, and government officials. The disregard for multilateralism and global cooperation is raising fears that instability could escalate into serious conflicts, including nuclear war.
The Third International Relations Forum: A Call to Attention
The recent Third International Relations Forum (IR Forum) focused on these pressing issues under the theme, “Changing Global Order and the Role of Superpowers for Global Peace, Security, and Prosperity.” Organised by the Royal Academy of Cambodia’s International Relations Institute (IRIC) and funded by the German political think tank Konrad Adenauer Stiftung (KAS), the forum brought together key figures to discuss the evolving geopolitical landscape.
Key Takeaways from the Forum:
- Geopolitical Shifts: The forum highlighted how the traditional US-led world order, established after World War II, is being questioned. Emerging powers and influential non-state actors are reshaping global dynamics.
- Increased Instability: The dissatisfaction with globalisation in Western countries, combined with rising tensions, makes the prospect of major power conflicts more plausible. The shift away from multilateralism towards narrow, nationalistic approaches could exacerbate global instability.
The Fragility of Current Global Conflicts
Current global conflicts, such as the war between Ukraine and Russia and the ongoing conflict between Israel and Hamas, underscore the fragility of the current geopolitical situation. These conflicts impact global food, energy, and security sectors, highlighting the potential for broader instability.
Important Points Discussed:
- Nuclear Tensions: The support provided by NATO to Ukraine raises fears of a nuclear confrontation, illustrating how unchecked global tensions could escalate into severe conflicts.
- EU Divisions: Despite crucial US support, EU Member States are divided on how closely they should align with US foreign policies, particularly concerning China and the Indo-Pacific region.
The Role of Superpowers and Regional Dynamics
1. Rivalries Among Superpowers
The first session of the forum, “New World: Rivalry between Superpowers,” delved into the competition between the US and China. Key topics included:
- Economic and Military Competition: Both powers are vying for global influence through economic competition and military posturing.
- Technological and Ideological Differences: The session explored how these rivalries influence global governance and technological leadership.
2. Tensions in Europe and the Middle East
The second session, “The Tension in Europe and the Middle East,” focused on the ongoing conflicts and their global implications. Highlights included:
- Regional and Global Impact: The tensions in Ukraine and the Middle East are not confined to these regions but affect the broader global landscape.
3. Promoting Global Harmony
The final session, “Role of Superpowers in Promoting a Harmonious World,” examined how superpowers can foster global harmony through diplomacy and conflict resolution. Key insights included:
- Diplomatic Efforts: Superpowers play a crucial role in maintaining global peace and stability through diplomatic channels.
National Debt and Multilateralism: Insights from the Forum
1. Debt Management and Economic Development
Un Kheang, Secretary of State at Cambodia’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, discussed the importance of responsible debt management. He compared Cambodia’s approach to other nations and stressed the need for careful use of loans:
- Avoiding Debt Traps: Kheang challenged the notion that China’s lending practices are intentionally designed to create “debt traps,” arguing that effective loan management is crucial for economic development.
2. The Role of Multilateralism
Kheang also highlighted the role of multilateralism in advancing political, security, and economic interests. He noted:
- Historical Context: Multilateral arrangements have historically been used by great powers to promote their interests, but they also serve the common good in addressing global issues such as climate change and nuclear proliferation.
The Future of Global Order
The discussions at the forum paint a complex picture of the future global order. Here are some takeaways:
- Multipolar World: The rise of new powers and regional groupings is leading to a more multipolar world, where power is distributed among several major players, including the US, China, Russia, and the European Union.
- Geopolitical Competition: The competition between superpowers and the rise of regional powers are contributing to a more fragmented and uncertain global order.
Conclusion: Navigating a Complex Global Landscape
The Third International Relations Forum highlighted the urgent need to address the shifting global dynamics. As superpowers and emerging actors reshape the global order, the emphasis on multilateralism, responsible debt management, and diplomatic efforts remains crucial for maintaining global peace and stability.
Key Actions Moving Forward:
- Enhanced Cooperation: Superpowers and regional players must engage in cooperative efforts to address global challenges.
- Strategic Diplomacy: Continued diplomatic engagement and conflict resolution are essential for mitigating risks and promoting global harmony.
